Bifacial Solar Panels: What Are They & How Do They Work?

When considering the best ways to maximize solar energy generation, bifacial solar panels have become a standout option. These innovative modules capture sunlight from both the front and back surfaces, offering a significant boost in energy output. While the concept has existed since the 1960s, recent advances in solar cell technology have made bifacial systems more efficient and commercially viable. Let us explore what makes bifacial panels unique and why they are gaining popularity.

What are Bifacial Solar Panels?

Bifacial solar panels differ from traditional monofacial panels by their ability to collect sunlight from both sides. Typically built using monocrystalline cells, which are known for their high efficiency, these panels have a transparent structure rather than an opaque backsheet.

Instead of blocking light, the back of a bifacial panel allows sunlight to pass through and reflect back into the cells. This is achieved by using either a dual glass setup or a transparent backsheet that exposes the solar cells from both sides. With this design, these panels not only produce more electricity but also offer a sleek, modern appearance with fewer visible metal components.

Their structure makes them more resistant to environmental damage, and they are often frameless, increasing their durability without sacrificing performance.

How do Bifacial Solar Panels Work?

Bifacial solar panels work in a similar way to traditional solar panels. A portion of sunlight is directly absorbed by the solar cells and converted into electricity. Some sunlight gets trapped inside the glass and bounces around until it is eventually absorbed by a solar cell. Another portion of sunlight passes straight through the panel.

This is where bifacial panels are different from monofacial panels. In a bifacial setup, the light that passes through can hit a highly reflective surface, bounce back, and be reabsorbed by the solar cells. By exposing both the front and back sides of the cells to sunlight, bifacial solar panels are able to capture more light and generate more energy overall.

How Much More Energy Can Bifacial Solar Panels Generate?

Bifacial solar panels perform best when they are installed near highly reflective surfaces, such as swimming pools, glass areas, sandy ground, stony surfaces, or snow. While the front side of the panel still absorbs most of the sunlight, the additional light reflected onto the back side helps boost overall energy production.

Some bifacial models can generate up to 30% more energy compared to traditional panels. However, the exact amount of extra energy will depend on the surrounding environment and how much light is reflected back onto the panels.

Pros & Cons of Bifacial Solar Panels

Like any technology, bifacial solar panels come with advantages and some trade-offs. Understanding both can help determine if they are the right fit for a specific project.

Advantages:

Higher Energy Output

By capturing sunlight from both sides, bifacial panels generate more electricity and require fewer modules for the same energy needs.

Durability

Made with tempered glass on both sides, these panels offer strong resistance to weather, UV exposure, and mechanical stresses, leading to a longer lifespan.

Better Performance in Diffuse Light

They perform well even when the sunlight is scattered, such as during cloudy conditions.

Lower Risk of Degradation

Frameless designs reduce the risk of potential-induced degradation (PID), enhancing long-term reliability.

Attractive Appearance

The frameless and glass-on-glass designs offer a sleek, modern look that some property owners prefer.

Extended Warranties

Many bifacial products come with warranties of up to 30 years, reflecting their durability.

Disadvantages:

Higher Initial Costs

These panels can be about 10% more expensive than traditional models due to their advanced manufacturing.

More Complex Installation

Specialized mounting systems and more careful site planning may lead to increased installation costs.

Weight Considerations

Being slightly heavier, they require stronger support structures, which might not be feasible for every project.

Closing Notes

Bifacial solar panels represent an important improvement in solar technology, offering higher efficiency, stronger durability, and better energy production compared to traditional monofacial panels. By generating power from both sides, they can maximise energy output, making them a smart choice for lowering electricity costs and supporting a more sustainable future.